Reflections on Activist Scholarship in the Trump-Bolsonaro Era: Dual Hemisphere Hate Transforms Intellectual Praxis into Political Imperative
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i29.3479Keywords:
Bolsonaro, Feminism, Resistance, Trump, Urgency, Activist ScholarshipAbstract
In this paper we reflect on the importance of activist scholarship given the frightening global shift to the right, focusing our discussion on Brazil and the U.S. We start by explaining our points of departure as they shape our individual and shared analysis. Next, we recap our first activist scholarship project, the book Taking Risks: Feminist Activism and Research in the Americas, and the definition of activist scholarship used throughout it and thus in this paper. Next, we further expand on the circumstances in the U.S. under Trump and Brazil under Bolsonaro which lead us to claim that this period brings a new urgency to feminist activist scholarship. We close by looking toward a future where the electorates in the northern and southern hemispheres have voted out both Trump and Bolsonaro and activist scholarship is once again a tool of pro-action not reaction and survival.
Downloads
References
Abrams, Abigail (September 27th, 2018). National Sexual Assault Hotline Spiked 147% During Christine Blasey Ford Hearing. Time. Retrieved from http://time.com/5409239/national-sexual-assault-hotline-spike-christine-blasey-ford-hearing/
Achenbach, Joel (July 8th, 2018). How Trump and two lawyers narrowed the field for his Supreme Court choice. The Washington Post. Retrieved from www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-trump-narrowed-the-field-for-his-supreme-court-pick/2018/07/08/b9d3b16a-808c-11e8-b660-4d0f9f0351f1_story.html?utm_term=.850eacc74502
Associated Press (January 1st, 2019). The Latest: Brazil’s Bolsonaro and Trump exchange tweets. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/the-latest-state-governors-sworn-in-across-brazil/2019/01/01/f353f774-0dd1-11e9-8f0c-6f878a26288a_story.html?utm_term=.5f7d90eba2f1
Baldez, Lisa (2002). Why Women Protest: Women’s Movements in Chile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barragán, Almudena (October 18th, 2018). Cinco ‘fake news’ que beneficiaram a candidatura de Bolsonaro. El País. Retrieved from https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/10/18/actualidad/1539847547_ 146583.html
Barrouquere, Brett (November 16th, 2018). FBI: Hate crime numbers soar to 7,106 in 2017; third worst year since start of data collection. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved from www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/11/16/fbi-hate-crime-numbers-soar-7106-2017-third-worst-year-start-data-collection
Beinart, Peter (January/February, 2019). The New Authoritarians Are Waging War on Women. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/01/authoritarian-sexism-trump-duterte/576382/
Bickham-Méndez, Jennifer (2008). Globalizing Scholar Activism: Opportunities and Dilemmas through a Feminist Lens. In Engaging Contradictions: Theory, Politics, and Methods of Activist Scholarship (pp. 136-163), edited by Charles Hale. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bradner, Eric (January 23rd, 2017). Conway: Trump White House offered 'alternative facts' on crowd size. www.cnn.com/2017/01/22/politics/kellyanne-conway-alternative-facts/index.html
Bolsonaro, Eduardo (February 16th, 2018). Jair Bolsonaro não quer aumentar terras indígenas, mas sim integrá-los a sociedade. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVXXOzYyXZg
Cable News Network (November 23rd, 2016). Exit Polls. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/election/2016/results/exit-polls
Campos, João Pedroso de (November 23rd, 2018). Vélez Rodríguez: indicado por guru dos Bolsonaro e pró-Escola sem Partido. Veja. Retrieved from https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/velez-rodriguez-indicado-por-guru-dos-bolsonaro-e-pro-escola-sem-partido/
Choi, David (March 23rd, 2019). Hate crimes increased 226% in places Trump held a campaign rally in 2016, study claims. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-campaign-rally-hate-crimes-study-maga-2019-3
Comissão Nacional da Verdade (May 18th, 2015). Verdade, Memória e Reconciliação. Comissão Nacional da Verdade. Retrieved from http://cnv.memoriasreveladas.gov.br/institucional-acesso-informacao/verdade-e-reconcilia%C3%A7%C3%A3o.html
Darlington, Shasta (December 30th, 2018). Gay Couples Rush to Wed Before Brazil’s New President Takes Office. New York Times, p. 13.
Edmondson, Catie; Lee, Jasmine C. (January 3rd, 2019). Meet the New Freshmen in Congress. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/11/28/us/politics/congress-freshman-class.html
Escobar, Herton (2018). Scientists, environmentalists brace for Brazil's right turn. Science, 362(6412), 273-274.
Fals-Borda, Orlando (1979). Investigating Reality In Order To Transform It: The Colombian Experience. Dialectical Anthropology, 4(1), 33-55.
Fals-Borda, Orlando (1991). Some Basic Ingredients. In Action and Knowledge: Breaking the Monopoly with Participatory Action-Research (pp. 3-12), edited by Orlando Fals-Borda; Muhammad Anisur Rahman. New York: The Apex Press.
Freire, Paulo (1983). Pedagogy of the Oppressed, second edition. New York: Continuum Publishing.
Gielow, Igor; Fernandes, Talita (October 15th, 2018). Objetivo é fazer Brasil semelhante ao que 'era há 40, 50 anos', diz Bolsonaro. Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved from https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/10/objetivo-e-fazer-brasil-como-era-a-40-50-anos-atras-diz-bolsonaro.shtml
Grant, Mary Lee (November 3rd, 2018). U.S. militia groups head to border, stirred by Trump’s call to arms. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-militia-groups-head-to-border-stirred-by-trumps-call-to-arms/2018/11/03/ff96826c-decf-11e8-b3f0-62607289efee_story.html?utm_term=.5c4c783ea22a
Jiménez, Carla (November 23rd, 2018). ‘Anti-marxist’ indicado por Olavo de Carvalho será ministro da Educação. El País. Retrieved from https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/11/22/politica/1542910509_576428.html
Johnson, Daryl (March 1st, 2018). Report: rise in hate violence tied to 2016 presidential election. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved from www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/03/01/report-rise-hate-violence-tied-2016-presidential-election
Jung, Kyungja (2013). Sexual assault centers as feminist practice: The establishment of the Korea Sexual Violence Relief Center. In Practicing Feminism in South Korea: The women’s movement against sexual violence (pp. 23-42). London: Routledge.
Krieg, Gregory (December 22nd, 2016). It's official: Clinton swamps Trump in popular vote. Retrieved from www.cnn.com/2016/12/21/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-popular-vote-final-count/index.html
Leach, Samantha (September 28th, 2018). Brett Kavanaugh Mentioned Beer 30 Times During the Senate Hearing. But Why? Glamour. Retrieved from www.glamour.com/story/brett-kavanaugh-mentioned-beer-30-times-senate-hearing
Maciel, Alice; Lavor, Thays; Roza, Gabriele; Ribeiro, Alexsandro; Lázaro Jr, José (October 11th, 2018). Apoiadores de Bolsonaro realizaram 50 agressões no início de outubro. Exame. Retrieved from https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/apoiadores-de-bolsonaro-realizaram-pelo-menos-50-ataques-em-todo-o-pais/
Magalhães, João Carlos (December 14th, 2014). Relatório da Comissão da Verdade não trouxe número de torturados. Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved from https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2014/12/1562171-relatorio-nao-trouxe-numero-de-torturados.shtml
Memorial da Democracia (2018). Exílio é a saída para milhares de brasileiros. Retrieved from http://memorialdademocracia.com.br/card/exilio-e-a-saida-para-milhares-de-brasileiros
Missão Maria de Nazaré (April, 2018). Dra. Damares Alves - A ideologia de gênero faz mal para a criança. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoRT5cU57cQ
Monteiro, Valdênia Brito (2018). Mulher indígena: resistência em tempo de retrocesso de direitos. Cadernos do CEAS: Revista crítica de humanidades, 243, 104-119.
Nugent, Ciara (October 25th, 2018). How Far-Right Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Could Transform Brazil. TIME. Retrieved from http://time.com/5433379/brazil-bolsonaro-policies/
O Globo (November 11th, 2018). Conheça quem são os militares do Ministério de Jair Bolsonaro. O Globo. Retrieved from https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/conheca-quem-sao-os-militares-do-ministerio-de-jair-bolsonaro-23270610
ONU Mulheres Brasil (December 9th, 2017). Mulheres quilombolas: liderança e resistência para combater a invisibilidade. Retrieved from http://www.onumulheres.org.br/noticias/mulheres-quilombolas-lideranca-e-resistencia-para-combater-a-invisibilidade/
Pessoa, Gabriela Sá; Fernandes, Talita (November 22nd, 2018). Em blog, novo ministro da Educação disse que aplicará 'menos Brasília e mais Brasil'. Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved from https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/educacao/2018/11/em-blog-novo-ministro-da-educacao-disse-que-aplicara-menos-brasilia-e-mais-brasil.shtml
Pew Research Center (August 9th, 2018). An examination of the 2016 electorate, based on validated voters. Retrieved from www.people-press.org/2018/08/09/an-examination-of-the-2016 -electorate -based-on-validated-voters/
Pinho, Angela (December 6th, 2018). Alvo de Bolsonaro, educação sexual mira de doenças a gravidez precoce. Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved from https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/educacao/2018/12/na-mira-de-bolsonaro-educacao-sexual-mira-de-doencas-a-gravidez-precoce.shtml
Potts, Karen; Brown, Leslie (2005). Becoming an Anti-Oppressive Researcher. In Research as Resistance: Critical, Indigenous, and Anti-oppressive Approaches (pp. 255-286), edited by Leslie Brown; Susan Strega. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Reynolds, Daniel (January 3rd, 2019). Meet the 10 Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Members of the 116th Congress. The Advocate. Retrieved from www.advocate.com/politicians/2019/1/03/meet-10-gay-lesbian-and-bisexual-members-116th-congress
Sacks, Ethan (September 21st, 2018). #WhyIDidntReport inspires survivors of sexual abuse in defiance of Trump. Retrieved from www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/whyididntreport-inspires-survivors-defiance-President-trump-n912006
Salper, Roberta (2011). San Diego State 1970: The Initial Year of the Nation's First Women's Studies Program. Feminist Studies, 37(3), 656-682.
Shayne, Julie (2004). The Revolution Question. Feminisms in El Salvador, Cuba, and Chile. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Shayne, Julie (2009). They Used to Call Us Witches: Chilean Exiles, Culture, and Feminism. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books.
Shayne, Julie (Ed.) (2014). Taking Risks: Feminist Activism and Research in the Americas. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Shayne, Julie (September 15th, 2017). Recognizing Emotional Labor in Academe. Conditionally Accepted.
Shayne, Julie; Leissle, Kristy (2014). Introduction: Research, Risk, and Activism: Feminists’ Stories of Social Justice. In Taking Risks: Feminist Activism and Research in the Americas (pp. xvii-xliv), edited by Julie Shayne. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Siqueira, Jaufran (March 12th, 2018). Entrevista com a Dra. Damares Alves, pastora e advogada do senador Magno Malta. Expresso Nacional. Retrieved from http://expressonacional.com/entrevista-com-a-dra-damares-alves-pastora-e-advogada-do-senador-magno-malta/
Soares, Jussara (January 1st, 2019). MEC terá secretaria para criar colégios cívico-militares, diz novo ministro da Educação. O Globo. Retrieved from https://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/mec-tera-secretaria-para-criar-colegios-civico-militares-diz-novo-ministro-da-educacao-23339092
Sudbury, Julia; Okazawa-Rey, Margo (Eds.) (2009). Activist Scholarship: Antiracism, Feminism, and Social Change. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
Taylor, Diana (2003). The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas. Durham: Duke University Press.
The Week Staff (August 27th, 2018). How conservatives built a powerful judicial pipeline. The Week. Retrieved from https://theweek.com/articles/791928/how-conservatives-built-powerful-judicial-pipeline
Thomas, Eric (September 27th, 2018). Kavanaugh Gave a Messy, Angry Performance That Would Never Be Allowed From a Woman. Elle. Retrieved from www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a23496358/kavanaugh-angry-opening-statement/
Uchôa, Victor (September 18th, 2018). Continência, 'inspeção de cabelo' e tutoria de PMs: a rotina em uma escola com regras e disciplina militares. BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/geral-45491630
Wade, Peter (December 29th, 2018). Trump and Republicans Shift to Blaming Pelosi for the Shutdown. Rolling Stone. Retrieved from https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/republicans-blame-pelosi-shutdown-773659/
Wiziack, Julio; Fernandes, Talita; Carneiro, Mariana (September 25th, 2018). Bolsonaro quer resgatar educação moral e cívica no currículo das escolas. Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved from https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/09/bolsonaro-quer-resgatar-educacao-moral-e-civica-no-curriculo-das-escolas.shtml
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Julie Shayne, Jessica Manfredi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
© Reserved Copyright
Material in this publication may be reproduced without authorization, provided the title, author and institutional source is acknowledged.
The content published in Revista CS is distributed under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 Attribution/Recognition-NonCommercial 4.0 International license.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.